How do religion, culture and ethnicity affect the success or failure Essay

How do religion, culture and ethnicity affect the success or failure of a global enterprise and what factors could impact upon the decision making of the global entrepreneur - Essay Example These factors can lead to either the success or failure of the business. Consequently, a proper analysis of these factors and their impact on the day-to-day operations of the business is very fundamental in making the right decision as to invest or not to invest in a given venture overseas. A global business battles with a number of issues that end up affecting their efficiency in operations, as well as, the team spirit and motivation of its workers. As such, before setting up a business in a foreign market, a manager has to consider some of the aspects of business operations that may affect the efficiency of the business operations, the relationships within the organizational structure, and the team or group working. Proper management of the aspects that affect or influence these conditions would lead to the effective performance of the business, hence assured profitability and wealth maximization. The biggest headache of business managers setting up subsidiaries of their multinational corporations on foreign lands is how to deal best with issues relating to diversity and equality within their host country (Otter & Wetherly 2014:318). A foreign investment company meets various cases of diversity and equality in every new country that they set up shop, which also makes it imperative for the business manager to have proper knowledge of such requirements. The aspect of diversity in Human Resource Management (HRM) recognizes that people have a number of things that are common to each other. However, this does not mean that they are the same. Each person is different in his or her own unique way, and as such, these differences should not be the basis for their discrimination. Every member of the organization has the right to equal access to employment opportunities. This further goes to stipulate that when such an individual lands a job

Compare the ways in which language is used for effect in the two texts. Give some examples and analyse the effects Essay Example for Free

Compare the ways in which language is used for effect in the two texts. Give some examples and analyse the effects Essay The two sources that I am going to compare are Source 3 and Source 2. Source 2 is an article aimed for anyone who is interested in swimming or even people who like to read about incredible accomplishments made by other people. The text is formal and is about Philippe Croizon who in 2 years learnt to swim without his limbs. He lost of all of his limbs in 1994 while he was removing a television aerial from a roof and it hit a power line. However source 3 is a book extract aimed at adults who like reading about geography in general. The text is formal and is about Christopher Ondaatje who crosses part of Lake Victoria. On his journey there he talks about the spectacular sunrise he sees behind Mwanza. He also talks about the experience with ferry rides and the past experience about one of those ferries going down just outside Mwanza and that people were killed. In comparison with source 3, source 2 is a happier and also more exciting and the reader feels more drawn to the fact that after 16 years after losing all of his limbs, Philippe Croizon crosses Channel than the fact that in source 3 the story is taken more calmly and less exciting to be taking a ferry across the lake. Furthermore, in source 2 the contrast between the fact that the man, 2 years ago â€Å"could barely swim at all† and him saying after the channel swim â€Å"I did it. I’m so happy† is evocative. Moreover, this shows that despite the fact that he lost all of his limbs, he could still do something incredible which occurs at the beginning of the article, engaging the reader and setting a tone of excitement and most of all pride. However in source 3, there are only a few evocative moments in the extract – â€Å"the fish eagles screeched their mocking cry†, â€Å"spectacular sunrise†. However none of which express excitement or pride. The difference in language used for effect is that in source 3, short sentences are employed to enhance meaning and effect: â€Å"an idyllic spot†, â€Å"no other sounds†, â€Å"spectacular sunrise†, the alliteration of the ‘s’ add an emphasis to the experience of them looking at the sunrise and the reader is able to emphasise with them. However in source 2, the language used is that alliteration occurs with â€Å"treacherous tides† â€Å"sofa sportsman† for emphasis –just like in source 3, and engagement. Moreover, the similarities between these 2 sources is that they both have an element of drama in the texts. In source 3, we are left with not knowing if they make it across the lake in the ferry because â€Å"a year earlier, one of these ferries went down just outside Mwanza, and people were killed† this makes the reader shocked and eager to carry on reading. However in source 2, the element of drama is when the text explains how the man lost all of his limbs, â€Å"Mr Croizon’s legs and lower arms were amputated after he suffered a calamitous electric shock while removing a television aerial from a roof in 1994 when it hit a power line†. This leaves the reader with the unanswered question of how did he manage to do it, which leads into wanting to read the rest of the text. The language used in both texts is formal. The reader is able to read with ease as the texts are informative. In source 2 â€Å"an average channel swimmer takes around eight hours†, â€Å"21 miles from Folkestone to the French coast†. In source 3 – â€Å"Mwanza, a vibrant African city†, â€Å"the people pressed up against the front of the ferry, along the sides and against the rails†

Advantages of Binary System

Advantages of Binary System The binary number system, base two, uses only two symbols, 0 and 1. Two is the smallest whole number that can be used as the base of a number system. For many years, mathematicians saw base two as a primitive system and overlooked the potential of the binary system as a tool for developing computer science and many electrical devices. Base two has several other names, including the binary positional numeration system and the dyadic system. Many civilizations have used the binary system in some form, including inhabitants of Australia, Polynesia, South America, and Africa. Ancient Egyptian arithmetic depended on the binary system. Records of Chinese mathematics trace the binary system back to the fifth century and possibly earlier. The Chinese were probably the first to appreciate the simplicity of noting integers as sums of powers of 2, with each coefficient being 0 or 1. For example, the number 10 would be written as 1010: 10= 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 Users of the binary system face something of a trade-off. The two-digit system has a basic purity that makes it suitable for solving problems of modern technology. However, the process of writing out binary numbers and using them in mathematical computation is long and cumbersome, making it impractical to use binary numbers for everyday calculations. There are no shortcuts for converting a number from the commonly used denary scale (base ten) to the binary scale. Over the years, several prominent mathematicians have recognized the potential of the binary system. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) invented a bilateral alphabet code, a binary system that used the symbols A and B rather than 0 and 1. In his philosophical work, The Advancement of Learning, Bacon used his binary system to develop ciphers and codes. These studies laid the foundation for what was to become word processing in the late twentieth century. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), adopted in 1966, accomplishes the same purpose as Bacons alphabet code. Bacons discoveries were all the more remarkable because at the time Bacon was writing, Europeans had no information about the Chinese work on binary systems. A German mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716), learned of the binary system from Jesuit missionaries who had lived in China. Leibniz was quick to recognize the advantages of the binary system over the denary system, but he is also well known for his attempts to transfer binary thinking to theology. He speculated that the creation of the universe may have been based on a binary scale, where God, represented by the number 1, created the Universe out of nothing, represented by 0. This widely quoted analogy rests on an error, in that it is not strictly correct to equate nothing with zero. The English mathematician and logician George Boole (1815-1864) developed a system of Boolean logic that could be used to analyze any statement that could be broken down into binary form (for example, true/false, yes/no, male/female). Booles work was ignored by mathematicians for 50 years, until a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology realized that Boolean algebra could be applied to problems of electronic circuits. Boolean logic is one of the building blocks of computer science, and computer users apply binary principles every time they conduct an electronic search. The binary system works well for computers because the mechanical and electronic relays recognize only two states of operation, such as on/off or closed/open. Operational characters 1 and 0 stand for 1 = on = closed circuit = true 0 = off = open circuit = false. The telegraph system, which relies on binary code, demonstrates the ease with which binary numbers can be translated into electrical impulses. The binary system works well with electronic machines and can also aid in encrypting messages. Calculating machines using base two convert decimal numbers to binary form, then take the process back again, from binary to decimal. The binary system, once dismissed as primitive, is thus central to the development of computer science and many forms of electronics. Many important tools of communication, including the typewriter, cathode ray tube, telegraph, and transistor, could not have been developed without the work of Bacon and Boole. Contemporary applications of binary numerals include statistical investigations and probability studies. Mathematicians and everyday citizens use the binary system to explain strategy, prove mathematical theorems, and solve puzzles. Basic Concepts behind the Binary System To understand binary numbers, begin by remembering basic school math. When we were first taught about numbers, we learnt that, in the decimal system, things are categorised into columns: H | T | O 1 | 9 | 3 such that H is the hundreds column, T is the tens column, and O is the ones column. So the number 193 is 1-hundreds plus 9-tens plus 3-ones. Afterwards we learnt that the ones column meant 10^0, the tens column meant 10^1, the hundreds column 10^2 and so on, such that 10^2|10^1|10^0 1 | 9 | 3 The number 193 is really {(1*10^2) + (9*10^1) + (3*10^0)}. We know that the decimal system uses the digits 0-9 to represent numbers. If we wished to put a larger number in column 10^n (e.g., 10), we would have to multiply 10*10^n, which would give 10 ^ (n+1), and be carried a column to the left. For example, if we put ten in the 10^0 column, it is impossible, so we put a 1 in the 10^1 column, and a 0 in the 10^0 column, therefore using two columns. Twelve would be 12*10^0, or 10^0(10+2), or 10^1+2*10^0, which also uses an additional column to the left (12). The binary system works under the exact same principles as the decimal system, only it operates in base 2 rather than base 10. In other words, instead of columns being 10^2|10^1|10^0 They are, 2^2|2^1|2^0 Instead of using the digits 0-9, we only use 0-1 (again, if we used anything larger it would be like multiplying 2*2^n and getting 2^n+1, which would not fit in the 2^n column. Therefore, it would shift you one column to the left. For example, 3 in binary cannot be put into one column. The first column we fill is the right-most column, which is 2^0, or 1. Since 3>1, we need to use an extra column to the left, and indicate it as 11 in binary (1*2^1) + (1*2^0). Binary Addition Consider the addition of decimal numbers: 23 +48 ___ We begin by adding 3+8=11. Since 11 is greater than 10, a one is put into the 10s column (carried), and a 1 is recorded in the ones column of the sum. Next, add {(2+4) +1} (the one is from the carry) = 7, which is put in the 10s column of the sum. Thus, the answer is 71. Binary addition works on the same principle, but the numerals are different. Begin with one-bit binary addition: 0 0 1 +0 +1 +0 ___ ___ ___ 0 1 1 1+1 carries us into the next column. In decimal form, 1+1=2. In binary, any digit higher than 1 puts us a column to the left (as would 10 in decimal notation). The decimal number 2 is written in binary notation as 10 (1*2^1)+(0*2^0). Record the 0 in the ones column, and carry the 1 to the twos column to get an answer of 10. In our vertical notation, 1 +1 ___ 10 The process is the same for multiple-bit binary numbers: 1010 +1111 ______ Step one: Column 2^0: 0+1=1. Record the 1.   Temporary Result: 1; Carry: 0 Step two: Column 2^1: 1+1=10.   Record the 0 carry the 1. Temporary Result: 01; Carry: 1 Step three: Column 2^2: 1+0=1 Add 1 from carry: 1+1=10.   Record the 0, carry the 1. Temporary Result: 001; Carry: 1 Step four: Column 2^3: 1+1=10. Add 1 from carry: 10+1=11. Record the 11.   Final result: 11001 Alternately: 11 (carry) 1010 +1111 ______ 11001 Always remember 0+0=0 1+0=1 1+1=10 Try a few examples of binary addition: 111 101 111 +110 +111 +111 ______ _____ _____ 1101 1100 1110 Binary Multiplication Multiplication in the binary system works the same way as in the decimal system: 1*1=1 1*0=0 0*1=0 101 * 11 ____ 101 1010 _____ 1111 Note that multiplying by two is extremely easy. To multiply by two, just add a 0 on the end. Binary Division Follow the same rules as in decimal division. For the sake of simplicity, throw away the remainder. For Example: 111011/11 10011 r 10 _______ 11)111011 -11 ______ 101 -11 ______ 101 11 ______ 10 Decimal to Binary Converting from decimal to binary notation is slightly more difficult conceptually, but can easily be done once you know how through the use of algorithms. Begin by thinking of a few examples. We can easily see that the number 3= 2+1. and that this is equivalent to (1*2^1)+(1*2^0). This translates into putting a 1 in the 2^1 column and a 1 in the 2^0 column, to get 11. Almost as intuitive is the number 5: it is obviously 4+1, which is the same as saying [(2*2) +1], or 2^2+1. This can also be written as [(1*2^2)+(1*2^0)]. Looking at this in columns, 2^2 | 2^1 | 2^0 1 0 1 or 101. What were doing here is finding the largest power of two within the number (2^2=4 is the largest power of 2 in 5), subtracting that from the number (5-4=1), and finding the largest power of 2 in the remainder (2^0=1 is the largest power of 2 in 1). Then we just put this into columns. This process continues until we have a remainder of 0. Lets take a look at how it works. We know that: 2^0=1 2^1=2 2^2=4 2^3=8 2^4=16 2^5=32 2^6=64 2^7=128 and so on. To convert the decimal number 75 to binary, we would find the largest power of 2 less than 75, which is 64. Thus, we would put a 1 in the 2^6 column, and subtract 64 from 75, giving us 11. The largest power of 2 in 11 is 8, or 2^3. Put 1 in the 2^3 column, and 0 in 2^4 and 2^5. Subtract 8 from 11 to get 3. Put 1 in the 2^1 column, 0 in 2^2, and subtract 2 from 3. Were left with 1, which goes in 2^0, and we subtract one to get zero. Thus, our number is 1001011. Making this algorithm a bit more formal gives us: Let D=number we wish to convert from decimal to binary Repeat until D=0 a. Find the largest power of two in D. Let this equal P. b. Put a 1 in binary column P. c. Subtract P from D. Put zeros in all columns which dont have ones. This algorithm is a bit awkward. Particularly step 3, filling in the zeros. Therefore, we should rewrite it such that we ascertain the value of each column individually, putting in 0s and 1s as we go: Let D= the number we wish to convert from decimal to binary Find P, such that 2^P is the largest power of two smaller than D. Repeat until P If 2^P put 1 into column P subtract 2^P from D Else put 0 into column P End if Subtract 1 from P Now that we have an algorithm, we can use it to convert numbers from decimal to binary relatively painlessly. Lets try the number D=55. Our first step is to find P. We know that 2^4=16, 2^5=32, and 2^6=64. Therefore, P=5. 2^5 Subtracting 55-32 leaves us with 23. Subtracting 1 from P gives us 4. Following step 3 again, 2^4 Next, subtract 16 from 23, to get 7. Subtract 1 from P gives us 3. 2^3>7, so we put a 0 in the 2^3 column:  110 Next, subtract 1 from P, which gives us 2. 2^2 Subtract 4 from 7 to get 3. Subtract 1 from P to get 1. 2^1 Subtract 2 from 3 to get 1. Subtract 1 from P to get 0. 2^0 Subtract 1 from 1 to get 0. Subtract 1 from P to get -1. P is now less than zero, so we stop. Another algorithm for converting decimal to binary However, this is not the only approach possible. We can start at the right, rather than the left. All binary numbers are in the form a[n]*2^n + a[n-1]*2^(n-1)++a[1]*2^1 + a[0]*2^0 where each a[i] is either a 1 or a 0 (the only possible digits for the binary system). The only way a number can be odd is if it has a 1 in the 2^0 column, because all powers of two greater than 0 are even numbers (2, 4, 8, 16). This gives us the rightmost digit as a starting point. Now we need to do the remaining digits. One idea is to shift them. It is also easy to see that multiplying and dividing by 2 shifts everything by one column: two in binary is 10, or (1*2^1). Dividing (1*2^1) by 2 gives us (1*2^0), or just a 1 in binary. Similarly, multiplying by 2 shifts in the other direction: (1*2^1)*2=(1*2^2) or 10 in binary. Therefore {a[n]*2^n + a[n-1]*2^(n-1) + + a[1]*2^1 + a[0]*2^0}/2 is equal to a[n]*2^(n-1) + a[n-1]*2^(n-2) + + a[1]2^0 Lets look at how this can help us convert from decimal to binary. Take the number 163. We know that since it is odd, there must be a 1 in the 2^0 column (a[0]=1). We also know that it equals 162+1. If we put the 1 in the 2^0 column, we have 162 left, and have to decide how to translate the remaining digits. Twos column: Dividing 162 by 2 gives 81. The number 81 in binary would also have a 1 in the 2^0 column. Since we divided the number by two, we took out one power of two. Similarly, the statement a[n-1]*2^(n-1) + a[n-2]*2^(n-2) + + a[1]*2^0 has a power of two removed. Our new 2^0 column now contains a1. We learned earlier that there is a 1 in the 2^0 column if the number is odd. Since 81 is odd, a[1]=1. Practically, we can simply keep a running total, which now stands at 11 (a[1]=1 and a[0]=1). Also note that a1 is essentially multiplied again by two just by putting it in front of a[0], so it is automatically fit into the correct column. Fours column: Now we can subtract 1 from 81 to see what remainder we still must place (80). Dividing 80 by 2 gives 40. Therefore, there must be a 0 in the 4s column, (because what we are actually placing is a 2^0 column, and the number is not odd). Eights column: We can divide by two again to get 20. This is even, so we put a 0 in the 8s column. Our running total now stands at a[3]=0, a[2]=0, a[1]=1, and a[0]=1. Negation in the Binary System Signed Magnitude Ones Complement Twos Complement Excess 2^(m-1) These techniques work well for non-negative integers, but how do we indicate negative numbers in the binary system? Before we investigate negative numbers, we note that the computer uses a fixed number of bits or binary digits. An 8-bit number is 8 digits long. For this section, we will work with 8 bits. Signed Magnitude: The simplest way to indicate negation is signed magnitude. In signed magnitude, the left-most bit is not actually part of the number, but is just the equivalent of a +/- sign. 0 indicates that the number is positive, 1 indicates negative. In 8 bits, 00001100 would be 12 (break this down into (1*2^3) + (1*2^2) ). To indicate -12, we would simply put a 1 rather than a 0 as the first bit: 10001100. Ones Complement: In ones complement, positive numbers are represented as usual in regular binary. However, negative numbers are represented differently. To negate a number, replace all zeros with ones, and ones with zeros flip the bits. Thus, 12 would be 00001100, and -12 would be 11110011. As in signed magnitude, the leftmost bit indicates the sign (1 is negative, 0 is positive). To compute the value of a negative number, flip the bits and translate as before. Twos Complement: Begin with the number in ones complement. Add 1 if the number is negative. Twelve would be represented as 00001100, and -12 as 11110100. To verify this, lets subtract 1 from 11110100, to get 11110011. If we flip the bits, we get 00001100, or 12 in decimal. In this notation, m indicates the total number of bits. For us (working with 8 bits), it would be excess 2^7. To represent a number (positive or negative) in excess 2^7, begin by taking the number in regular binary representation. Then add 2^7 (=128) to that number. For example, 7 would be 128 + 7=135, or 2^7+2^2+2^1+2^0, and, in binary, 10000111. We would represent -7 as 128-7=121, and, in binary, 01111001. Note: Unless you know which representation has been used, you cannot figure out the value of a number. A number in excess 2 ^ (m-1) is the same as that number in twos complement with the leftmost bit flipped. To see the advantages and disadvantages of each method, lets try working with them. Using the regular algorithm for binary addition, add (5+12), (-5+12), (-12+-5), and (12+-12) in each system. Then convert back to decimal numbers. APPLICATIONS OF BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM The binary number system, also called the  base-2  number system, is a method of representing numbers that counts by using combinations of only two numerals: zero (0) and one (1). Computers use the binary number system to manipulate and store all of their data including numbers, words, videos, graphics, and music. The term bit, the smallest unit of digital technology, stands for Binary digit. A byte is a group of eight bits. A kilobyte is 1,024 bytes or 8,192 bits. Using binary numbers, 1 + 1 = 10 because 2 does not exist in this system. A different number system, the commonly used decimal or  base-10  number system, counts by using 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) so 1 + 1 = 2 and 7 + 7 = 14. Another number system used by computer programmers is hexadecimal system,  base-16  , which uses 16 symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F), so 1 + 1 = 2 and 7 + 7 = E. Base-10 and base-16 number systems are more compact than the binary system. Programmers use the hexadecimal number system as a convenient, more compact way to represent binary numbers because it is very easy to convert from binary to hexadecimal and vice versa. It is more difficult to convert from binary to decimal and from decimal to binary. The advantage of the binary system is its simplicity. A computing device can be created out of anything that has a series of switches, each of which can alternate between an on position and an off position. These switches can be electronic, biological, or mechanical, as long as they can be moved on command from one position to the other. Most computers have electronic switches. When a switch is on it represents the value of one, and when the switch is off it represents the value of zero. Digital devices perform mathematical operations by turning binary switches on and off. The faster the computer can turn the switches on and off, the faster it can perform its calculations. Binary Decimal Hexadecimal Number Number Number System System System 0 0 0 1 1 1 10 2 2 11 3 3 100 4 4 101 5 5 110 6 6 111 7 7 1000 8 8 1001 9 9 1010 10 A 1011 11 B 1100 12 C 1101 13 D 1110 14 E 1111 15 F 10000 16 10 Positional Notation Each numeral in a binary number takes a value that depends on its position in the number. This is called positional notation. It is a concept that also applies to decimal numbers. For example, the decimal number 123 represents the decimal value 100 + 20 + 3. The number one represents hundreds, the number two represents tens, and the number three represents units. A mathematical formula for generating the number 123 can be created by multiplying the number in the hundreds column (1) by 100, or 102; multiplying the number in the tens column (2) by 10, or 101; multiplying the number in the units column (3) by 1, or 100; and then adding the products together. The formula is: 1  ÃƒÆ'-  102  + 2  ÃƒÆ'-  101  + 3  ÃƒÆ'-  100  = 123. This shows that each value is multiplied by the base (10) raised to increasing powers. The value of the power starts at zero and is incremented by one at each new position in the formula. This concept of positional notation also applies to binary numbers with the difference being that the base is 2. For example, to find the decimal value of the binary number 1101, the formula is 1  ÃƒÆ'-  23  + 1  ÃƒÆ'-  22  + 0  ÃƒÆ'-  21  + 1  ÃƒÆ'-  20  = 13. Binary Operations Binary numbers can be manipulated with the same familiar operations used to calculate decimal numbers, but using only zeros and ones. To add two numbers, there are only four rules to remember: Therefore, to solve the following addition problem, start in the rightmost column and add 1 + 1 = 10; write down the 0 and carry the 1. Working with each column to the left, continue adding until the problem is solved. To convert a binary number to a decimal number, each digit is multiplied by a power of two. The products are then added together. For example, to translate the binary number 11010 to decimal, the formula would be as follows: To convert a binary number to a hexadecimal number, separate the binary number into groups of four starting from the right and then translate each group into its hexadecimal equivalent. Zeros may be added to the left of the binary number to complete a group of four. For example, to translate the number 11010 to hexadecimal, the formula would be as follows: Binary Number System A Binary Number is made up of only 0s and 1s. http://www.mathsisfun.com/images/binary-number.gif This is 1ÃÆ'-8 + 1ÃÆ'-4 + 0ÃÆ'-2 + 1 + 1ÃÆ'-(1/2) + 0ÃÆ'-(1/4) + 1ÃÆ'-(1/8) (= 13.625 in Decimal) Similar to the  Decimal System, numbers can be placed to the left or right of the point, to indicate values greater than one or less than one. For Binary Numbers: 2 Different Values Because you can only have 0s or 1s, this is how you count using Binary: Decimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Binary: 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Binary is as easy as 1, 10, 11. Here are some more equivalent values: Decimal: 20 25 30 40 50 100 200 500 Binary: 10100 11001 11110 101000 110010 1100100 11001000 111110100    How to Show that a Number is Binary To show that a number is a  binary  number, follow it with a little 2 like this:  1012 This way people wont think it is the decimal number 101 (one hundred and one). Examples: Example 1: What is 11112  in Decimal? The 1 on the left is in the 2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=8) The next 1 is in the 2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=4) The next 1 is in the 2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2 (=2) The last 1 is in the units position, so that means 1 Answer: 1111 = 8+4+2+1 = 15 in Decimal Example 2: What is 10012  in Decimal? The 1 on the left is in the 2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=8) The 0 is in the 2ÃÆ'-2 position, so that means 0ÃÆ'-2ÃÆ'-2 (=0) The next 0 is in the 2 position, so that means 0ÃÆ'-2 (=0) The last 1 is in the units position, so that means 1 Answer: 1001 = 8+0+0+1 = 9 in Decimal Example 3: What is 1.12  in Decimal? The 1 on the left side is in the units position, so that means 1. The 1 on the right side is in the halves position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-(1/2) So, 1.1 is 1 and 1 half = 1.5 in Decimal Example 4: What is 10.112  in Decimal? The 1 is in the 2 position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-2 (=2) The 0 is in the units position, so that means 0 The 1 on the right of the point is in the halves position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-(1/2) The last 1 on the right side is in the quarters position, so that means 1ÃÆ'-(1/4) So, 10.11 is 2+0+1/2+1/4 = 2.75 in Decimal

Collective Goods Essay -- International Community, The Kyoto Protocol

The international community is made up of many state actors that contribute in some form or other to establish a world that can establish key public goods. When more than one nation is trying to come together to achieve their collective goods, the nation may be confronted with a number of issues. There are times when the countries may need to come together to make decisions in specific topics like global warming, ozone depletion, space exploration amongst many other issues that require group attention (Stiles p269). A collective good does not belong to one specific player, cannot be withheld from a player and can be used by all players. When referring to collective goods there must be an investment or expenses may be accrued in the good by the player(s). The decision that must be made is which player will be making the investment and this is agreed to by negotiation. One of the many influences of the creation of collective goods is the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol focuses on many issues that cross national boundaries and require the attention of more than one country at a time. This leads to an international affairs situation where various countries have to solve problems of a trans-boundary nature (Stiles p.268). In order for this to occur the countries must first acknowledge that there is a need for a collective good. The problem arises however when countries use their judgment to determine how and if they should contribute to the collective good. Some countries may suggest that the country that has caused the most damage should be responsible party and should contribute more money (Stiles p269). It is rarely the case when all the countries involved offer to contribute their share without any hesitation. It ... ...re fearful of the other powerful countries (United States and Russia). This changed during the end of the Cold War giving a new era of promise and an evolving international order (Grant p572). In 1994, the Global Conference on Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States made it clear that national, regional and international levels need to work together for better outcomes (Grant p581). In this conference, Third World Countries that the United Nations should also place more focus on hard economic issues as well. The agenda for development was created to deal with sensitivity to development concerns and the influence of global development policy decisions that were aborted 15 years ago in the Cancun Summit (Grant p582). The global transformation will focus on advancing the interest of groups that have universal membership of the United Nations.

Prejudice and Stereotyping in Society Essay

Stereotyping is a form of prejudice and is also the root of racism and discrimination. A stereotype usually applies to a whole group of people who do something in a certain way. To them, it seems natural, but to some people it’s weird. Often, a name is given to the group, and to every individual. For example, nerd is the stereotype name for someone who is usually a computer whizz and can’t play sport very well. This however isn’t always true, because many people are computer whizzes and also good at sports. But, if you saw someone who you didn’t know come to school with disks and computer stuff, you would probably say, â€Å"he’s a nerd,† or â€Å"she’s a nerd. † The problem with that is that you are making a judgement of their personality without actually knowing what they are like. Another real-life example is towards blonde haired people, women in particular. One journalist went for a weekend with blonde hair, rather than her usual brunette look, and noticed that no-one took her ideas seriously. That’s what stereotypes are all about. When society has an exaggerated idea about a group of people, when you see someone who seems to fit the description you judge them as that stereotype. Some stereotypes are called labels, because it’s literally like a label stuck to you. There’s no harm in making that point, but labels can also be a name for an individual. For example, if someone was known as Lazy- Bones, it means that they don’t always do their part of the job, let the team down, and anything else that can be connected with being lazy. That person now has two choices: one is to actually live out their label and turn into a big lazy person, or they can fight back and prove that they aren’t lazy. Most stereotypes focus on the bad things about someone’s personality, or not necessarily bad, but more like an area that they’re not strong in. If someone gets labelled for something they can’t do, it could have bad psychological effects on them. This is a way of bullying. Another way that stereotyping can have a bullying effect is when there is a social stereotype of how men or women, boys or girls are supposed to behave, and one individual doesn’t fit the stereotype, people treat them like a weirdo. No-one really has to behave in a certain way and we are much too complex to be neatly shelved under a few stupid labels, as if there are only a few types of people instead of many different ones. Another problem with stereotypes is when it affects a whole group of people, such as the 19th. Century Irish. Back then the Irish had a reputation of being heavy drinkers, lazy, unreliable, troublesome, violent, and dishonest people. This meant that most of them fitted those stereotypes. For those who didn’t, the fact that the stereotype existed didn’t make it any easier for them to get employment as opposed to say, an Italian, who’s stereotype was(still is) hardworking, honest and reliable. The good Irelander might have fit the Italian stereotype, but as soon as the employee hears â€Å"Irish† they discard them. In light of the recent terrorism attacks in America, many people have become prejudiced towards Muslims, since the terrorist agency is believed to be Muslim. Fortunately, this situation hasn’t become too out of hand because political leaders such as President Bush of the USA have made us realize that it wasn’t caused by every single Muslim, but only a handful in comparison, and if anyone is to pay for it, it is the terrorists themselves. But what is it that makes us want to label, stereotype, and pre-judge? It is all part of an important process called Generalisation. Just about everyone has this ability to generalise. Generalising is an involuntary process that takes place in our minds. It is related to learning from experience and predicting the future. We can make a generalisation about fire, that it burns and could kill you if you let it. We know this from seeing things like logs or paper burning up, or say, if you put your finger into a flame and it burns your finger. Heat and pain. Now, from your experience with fire, you can say, fires are hot, and they hurt you. So when you see a fire, you know that you shouldn’t touch it. Saying that fires are hot is a prejudice, but it isn’t racist towards fires or bigotry. If we didn’t have the ability to generalise, we’d put our finger in the fire every time we see one because we’d never learn that fires can kill or hurt you. As you can see here, generalisation is an invaluable survival tool. This same principle can apply to people. If you told someone a secret, and they told everyone else, next time you have a secret, you know who not to tell. Racism is when you look at the way a certain culture/race/ethnic group do things differently to how your group might do them. This escalates to superiority, believing that your group is more important and better and more valuable than the other groups, and not accepting that they say, the â€Å"your opinion doesn’t count† syndrome, commonly known as bigotry. The most visible example of bigotry in practice is probably in the days of slavery in the United States, and the apartheid in South Africa. In America, the black people were discriminated against, forced into slavery, even sold in auctions as slaves. In South Africa, the Afrikaners (white South Africans) passed laws that restricted what black people could do. The apartheid plan was to send the natives back into their part of Africa, even though they had been in South African territory ages before the Afrikaners were even dreamed of. Bigotry is an often cruel practice but the people it affects more often than not find the strength to persevere with the oppressors, and eventually win in the end. In conclusion to all this we realize that making generalisations is important, but it is also abused to become racism, labelling, and bigotry.

Free Essays on Childrens Hospitals

The purpose of this paper is to broaden your knowledge of children’s hospitals and pediatric care. There are many different types of children’s hospitals in the U.S. We will explore the different types and how they help children and their families. The types I will talk about are burn units, trauma centers, cancer treatment centers, cancer research centers, and hospitals for invalid children. In the United States alone, there are over 140 children’s hospitals. They range in size from 40 beds to over 300 beds. Any child with a life threatening illness or injury is accepted to these hospitals. Pediatrics deals with neonatal through age eighteen. Though many pediatric hospitals separate the ages into groups so the children are able to experience a more ‘normal’ childhood. Of all the children’s hospitals in the U.S., the biggest is St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. It has over 300 beds and is the primary center for childhood cancer research. However, U.S. News and World Report ranked the Children’s Hospital Boston number one for twelve consecutive years (citation). Burn Units are children’s hospitals that specifically focus on major burns. Burns are separated into categories; first degree, second degree, and third degree. A first-degree burn is the mildest type of burn. These are just minor burns that are usually caused by the sun. They are categorized by redness, mild swelling and pain. A second-degree burn is one level higher in severity. They are deeper than first degree buns and may cause blisters. With a second-degree burn it is possible for a loss of body fluids through the damaged areas of the skin. These are often times the most painful because nerve endings are still undamaged, despite the severe tissue damage. Burn units will treat for this type of burn and there may be some hospitalization associated with it. Second degree burns are caused by scald injuries, flames, or skin that br... Free Essays on Childrens Hospitals Free Essays on Childrens Hospitals The purpose of this paper is to broaden your knowledge of children’s hospitals and pediatric care. There are many different types of children’s hospitals in the U.S. We will explore the different types and how they help children and their families. The types I will talk about are burn units, trauma centers, cancer treatment centers, cancer research centers, and hospitals for invalid children. In the United States alone, there are over 140 children’s hospitals. They range in size from 40 beds to over 300 beds. Any child with a life threatening illness or injury is accepted to these hospitals. Pediatrics deals with neonatal through age eighteen. Though many pediatric hospitals separate the ages into groups so the children are able to experience a more ‘normal’ childhood. Of all the children’s hospitals in the U.S., the biggest is St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. It has over 300 beds and is the primary center for childhood cancer research. However, U.S. News and World Report ranked the Children’s Hospital Boston number one for twelve consecutive years (citation). Burn Units are children’s hospitals that specifically focus on major burns. Burns are separated into categories; first degree, second degree, and third degree. A first-degree burn is the mildest type of burn. These are just minor burns that are usually caused by the sun. They are categorized by redness, mild swelling and pain. A second-degree burn is one level higher in severity. They are deeper than first degree buns and may cause blisters. With a second-degree burn it is possible for a loss of body fluids through the damaged areas of the skin. These are often times the most painful because nerve endings are still undamaged, despite the severe tissue damage. Burn units will treat for this type of burn and there may be some hospitalization associated with it. Second degree burns are caused by scald injuries, flames, or skin that br...